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Welcome to out 100th Ruddle Show. I’m Lisette and this is my dad, Cliff Ruddle.

And how you doing on Show 100?

Pretty good, excited to be doing this today. It’s been five years, so the road stops here at 100.

Oh, okay. Well I want to welcome all of our international guests. We have some very, very fascinating surprise guests, and we’ll see them shortly I guess, huh?

Yes. So for our 100th show, we’re doing a special on legacy. And you all knew this was coming because we’ve literally been talking about it all season long on our Road to 100.

That’s true.

We’ve talked about legacy in terms of the impact you have on other people, how they think, what they say and what they do as a result of having known you. But legacy is not just about impacting individuals. The clinicians we’re going to hear from today have actually impacted the entire profession of dentistry.

Maybe they’re a lot like this tree behind me. Right? They’ve got their roots down.

Yes. And actually Dr. Frank Spear who we’ll be hearing from; he kind of expanded on our definition of legacy and he thought of it as something that continues on after you’re gone. So this actually made me think of a tree as kind of being a symbol for legacy. I didn’t make this graphic, my son Isaac made it. But I kind of directed him a little bit. I liked the tree thing because it lays the roots but then it just keeps on growing.

I liked the part that was below the ground almost better than the part above the ground.

Okay. Well I thought that what he said was very thought provoking and I want to thank him for helping me think of this whole tree symbol.

When I first approached you with this idea of doing our 100th show on legacy, what did you think?

Well I wasn’t real thrilled about it, if that’s what you’re trying to draw out. You know for me, the way I was raised, legacy is something that is discovered, perhaps defined after one either leaves the field or dies. So that’s how I saw it. So I thought my daughter is saying you're done, finito. One hundred will put you to rest. But that’s not what she meant, because then she came back and said well no; let’s look at legacies in the sports world. Something like that, right? Is that what you said?

Yeah.

So I started realizing wait a minute. Kareem Abdul Jabar is alive, Moses Malone is alive, Magic Johnson is alive. Okay, I was using basketball players; but there’s lots of – Pelé is still alive isn’t he?

The soccer player?

Yeah.

Football?

Lionel Messi is alive and playing; Maradona, Ronaldo. So anyway, I started realizing oh, wait a minute. She’s bringing up something that maybe can help me become better. That’s how it started turn in my head, because she was playing off of it’s not done yet. Legacies continue. I hadn’t thought of it like that.

Yeah, and that’s actually how I got the idea. From the sports shows I listen to in the morning, all the sports analysts are always talking about so-and-so’s legacy; like maybe Lebron James who’s still playing. And is their legacy set in stone or is it still evolving? Comparing one player’s legacy to another player’s legacy. What a player might still need to accomplish for their legacy to be considered among the greats.

And then I also was reflecting on if there is something in your personal life that could negatively impact your legacy. And if I think of some examples, like O.J. Simpson; great football player, terrible legacy now though. Tiger Woods even has a little bit of a problematic legacy. Even Pete Rose in baseball.

So anyway, thinking about legacy and how multi-faceted and complicated it can be, I had this idea that we hear from some leaders in dentistry about what they think about their legacy; what legacy means to them and what they’re most proud of. So we asked 11 clinicians to submit little videos talking about their legacy. So how did we choose those 11?

Well we actually – I actually chose 12. I was going after the 12 disciples.

Anyway, one of them – I won’t mention him, but he’s a very dear friend. He’s in Southeast Asia. He’s the head of not only the dental school, but the medical school, and they’re going through accreditation as we speak. So it became a very big burden. So it was no problem to say to Patrick, no problem. We’ll talk to you about your legacy in another 10 years when we do another 100 shows. I guess it takes five years to get 100 shows.

So anyway, that was how I chose them. I chose them by first or all, what were their contributions? What have I noticed out there that they have done? And then I started noticing their work, because I was around a lot of these people for decades. I wanted to know how they presented and how they sold an idea; how they talked about stuff.

And finally over time, we became friends. So you might have thought I chose them because they were friends, but it was first my respect and admiration for their contributions. And many of them have made amazing – each in their own way – significant contributions. It’s changed the trajectory of their discipline.

Yes. And we sent them a pretty detailed letter to help guide them on the project. We suggested some things they might want to consider or talk about. For example, their clinical work, their research, inventions, publications, teaching, even maybe their life influences. We also said you might even want to consider if your legacy has been intentional over the last decades or if it kind of evolved more by chance or circumstance.

So we actually did put this letter in our show notes, because you might want to just see what kind of thought went into the project. Okay, well that is -

Well I’m smiling over here because the back story after the invitations went out, several people privately contacted me and they were intimidated. Because they kind of saw it like me; oh, I’m a has-been, I’m getting ready to die, or you’re gracefully saying exit left off the stage.

But then some of them came back to me and said you know, the list that you prepared to help guide them in their thinking was really something they hadn’t thought about. And now they’re thinking this is really something I should be thinking about. Because they’re all over 50, 60.

Yeah, I mean I would say that some have decades left to live, so we’re not just choosing the oldest people we could find.

So then finally some people came back and said after they did it and sent it in – the clip – you know what? I think I heard the word “grateful.” I really appreciate it, and this is why we’re doing it for you. Because if they had to think about it – and these are giants in their field – then we hope that you can start thinking about it. We can influence you so you can work on your legacy.

Okay, so that’s our project. Now let’s get on with the show where we actually hear what the clinicians have to say.

Okay.

All right. We’re excited to hear what some of these clinicians have to say about legacy. We kind of grouped them together by what they spoke about. But keep in mind that most of these legacies are pretty multi-faceted, so there’s going to be some overlap on what people talk about.

So who are we going to hear from first?

Well we’re going to hear from Dr. Gary Glassman and Dr. John West. Both endodontists for our international audience; dear, dear friends. I could go on for probably half an hour about each one of them and it wouldn’t repeat what they’re going to show us.

So maybe we should understand that there’s a lot of influence by the family. You can tell when you sit down with these guys and hang out with them, and I’ve been with them all over the world. Invariably an experience from the past, and it’s usually about the father, the mother, and something that made a difference in their lives. So that’s why I think you grouped them together.

Yes. The connecting factor here is they both talked about their parents as influences on their lives. So let’s hear what they have to say.

[Dr. John West Video]

Hello everyone. My name is John West, I’m an endodontist in Tacoma, Washington, USA. I begin by saluting you, Cliff, and your family on the 100th episode of The Ruddle Show. Extraordinary achievement! You’re the only one that could really do this.

My legacy really began I think as an expression of the American Dream. Towards the end of WWII when I was 3 years old, my parents immigrated to the Land of Opportunity, the American Dream. The work ethic and legacy that my parents passed on to me was to work hard, to be my best, and to enjoy what I’m doing. I think that’s translated also to my children and now grandchildren. And those were the best words I’ve ever learned and the best lessons I’ve ever learned.

Professionally I think my achievement is mostly invention, particularly with the ProTaper. Cliff, you, me and Pierre invented that, plus other instruments. And also my teaching has to do with being our best and being predictable, and having fun doing it. Those have been my main professional legacies I think.

As far as a personal legacy goes, the same thing. I want to just read to you – my son and I, two sons and I, are endodontists in the same environment, same building – and this is a note that he had left the other night. “Make it the best night of your life. Choose it, be it, live it.” And so I’m really pleased that my legacy is passed on, not just to work hard, but a better balance; work, play, spiritual and health.

And the last legacy that I seem to be, being now successful based on this note for example, is my literally lifelong challenge to conquer my mind. For many years I was only in the past or the future, spent very little time in the present. Now I’ve learned how to better do that; how to collect my mind’s 100 billion neurons and to cultivate them to be in the present where we are completely powerful – no past and no future – and to be able to choose to be free of the mind thinking instead of us telling the mind how to think.

And with that, that’s the legacy I’ll leave with you tonight. I appreciate the opportunity, thank you.

[Dr. Gary Glassman Video]

Hi there. My name is Dr. Gary Glassman. I am a fulltime endodontist and educator from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Ruddle, Lisette, The Ruddle Team… I want to congratulate you on your 100th episode of The Ruddle Show. What a milestone! I want to thank you for asking me to say a few words about you and a few words about myself.

My mentor in my life was my father – may he rest in peace – who always said be authentic to yourself. Put your head down and do the best possible work you can do. One of my mentors in education has been Dr. Ruddle. So thank you for all the inspiration you’ve given me over a lifetime of education.

One of my legacies that I have built up was the work that I’ve done in Jamaica, where I helped build a dental school in Jamaica and developed the endodontic curriculum from 2010 to 2017. In 2015 we graduated our first cohort, and we’ve made a significant change in the oral health landscape, and I hope also the general health landscape of the country of Jamaica. One of my biggest proud moments is the graduation of Dr. Caitlyn Williams who came out of the first cohort, who took a real interest in endodontics. And through my connections and her smarts, she got into the endodontic program at the University of Toronto and graduated several years ago, went back to Jamaica and took off; took over where I left off.

So congratulations to Dr. Williams. Hopefully you’ll make a difference, and hopefully I’ve made a difference in the landscape of endodontics. So congratulations once again Dr. Ruddle and Team Ruddle. Thank you.

Great. So is this what you thought that they were going to say?

Yes and no. I thought probably Gary would probably talk a little bit more about some of the things outside his office. You know, he’s a dental officer; Chief Dental Officer for the largest DSO in Canada as an example. And he’s just done so many things in his teaching.

Editor for Oral Health Journal.

He’s the editor of Oral Health that we’ve published in, and we always appreciate him giving us that opportunity. And then Johnny, obviously a consummate clinician; but right now, this very moment, he’s at IDEA – the International Dental Education Academy – with his son, Jordan, and they’re teaching. And so the beat goes on.

So I thought they would maybe mention that a little bit more, but there are so many things in your life and we only gave people a few minutes. So they’re trying to summarize their whole life in like two minutes.

Yeah, well John kind of has an inventor’s mind too, and he’s been your partner on inventions over the decades as well.

We have had thousands of hours together, either on planes, Zoom meetings, or over in Switzerland at the factory. So you learn a lot about people when you just hang out with them, eat dinner, breakfast, lunch, you whine about stuff, you get prototypes, yeah.

Well I thought it was really cool that their parents have really influenced their perspective and how they carry themselves throughout life. I have to say that you and mom kind of have influenced me in that way as well.

Also Gary talked about the dental school that he started in Jamaica. And that whole idea of service -- that actually kind of leads us to the next two videos we’re going to watch. Because these two people really are service oriented, and that’s Drs. Gordon Christensen and Cherilyn Sheets. So let’s hear from them.

[Dr. Gordon Christensen Video]

Thanks Cliff for letting me tell a little bit about myself and who I think I am.

Originally I thought I was going to practice in Santa Barbara, California, as a typical general dentist. Everything that follows didn’t do that, and that 64 years that Rella has supported me in all of this activity. I was in the Vietnam fracas, I was not in Vietnam. Fortunately I was in Fort Lewis, Washington, near Tacoma, and helping to get all those young recruits to get killed in Vietnam. It was an absurd situation. I went through a Grad-Plus program, with a Master of Science in Dentistry at University of Washington. It was great.

I then was recruited to go to Kentucky and start that school with several other initial faculty. Did Specialty Boards while I was there, and that was way back when it took a full week to take that test. Then I was recruited to go to Colorado to start another dental school there with a couple of other guys. I did a Ph.D., taught seminary, and did some other things during that period of time as well.

Then I had a strong feeling that all the committees and councils I was on, national and international, needed a little more unbiased information. And that started CRA, now called Clinicians Report Foundation. That was about 50 years ago; it’s now global in 100 countries.

I’ve been practicing all the time through there. I’ve had church leadership all the time, I’ve been a scout master, I’ve done religious courses, seminary. I’ve probably done oh, 700-800 publications and hundreds of videos, along with my unbelievable staff. And I’ve done courses internationally and nationally; about 4300.

The legacy that I might have has to be judged by you, not me. In my opinion, my legacy should be I’m a teacher, I’m a researcher, and I’m highly service oriented; and life has been lived to the fullest.

[Dr. Cherilyn Sheets Video]

Hi, I’m Dr. Cherilyn Sheets. And when Cliff Ruddle asked me to talk about my legacy, I was really stunned. Because I think of a legacy as something that people give after they’re dead and gone, and I hope to be around for a long time contributing to family, patients and society as a whole.

So what do I want my legacy to be? I took a couple notes down because I want to do this within two minutes. So for family, I hope that it will be the knowledge and the memory that I’ve provided unconditional love to everyone, and that I’m very proud of the people that they’ve become as the find their own pathways.

Professionally, I hope that patients remember that I provided care for them in a thoughtful and caring way, with an emphasis on precision and longevity, and working with a team that could produce an esthetic, long-time result.

For my colleagues, I hope that my contributions in the literature and teaching have provided them with some useful information, and that they felt my support and my love of mentoring others as I was mentored by some greats during my career.

Research was a surprise for me. Creating a breakthrough technology with an incredible, multi-interdisciplinary team was a real gift to me. And it’s been so exciting and so rewarding. It’s been a very long and difficult journey to launch InnerView Systems, but we’re hoping, all of us, that this is something that will help dentists not only in the near future, but for years to come. Everyone in Perimetrics really wants to leave something special to the profession and to patients.

Lastly, I’m thrilled that our family was able to give back to the city in which I was born by taking our original family office and turning into a children’s dental center for children of working poor parents. And it was exciting to know that others thought that was a good idea, and so they replicated it in cities across the country. And ultimately, because of hard work and dedication and generosity of so many people, we were able to establish America’s Tooth Fairy.

Mostly I’m grateful for the parents that I had, for my incredibly supportive husband, for our miracle daughter, and for her husband and she giving us three fantastic grandchildren. If I leave any legacy it’s because of their love and support of me throughout my lifetime and my career, and all of the wonderful things that they will do with their own lives.

So that is my concept of what my legacy will hopefully be.

Well that was inspirational Gordon and Cherilyn; it always makes me aspire to greatness.

All right. So Gordon, everybody knows him; in fact he’s been on The Ruddle Show many times over several years and seasons, and he was just on Show 99. So I’ll just give you a quick review. He has done such service for international doctors through the Clinicians Report. Behind that is the Foundation, and you saw all the people, like a lot of people worldwide that work with this group and help bring information to you through the Report.

And then of course he has practical clinical courses. I’ve taught there many times at his teaching center, Provo, Utah; home of the football team, the Utah Utes. Anyway Gordon, you’ve done a great job and I always admire your energy and your enthusiasm. And what are you, 200 years old?

And Cherilyn, my goodness. You were impressed by your father and he got you thinking service. There was that clinic he ran for all those years in the inner city, Greater Los Angeles area. When he retired, you turned it into a children’s clinic, and it was one of the first in the United States and you’ve influenced many others around the country to start children’s clinics in their communities. So Cherilyn, you are amazing. The Newport Coast Oral Facial Institute; many people learned to use the microscope there, so I can’t keep going or I would be doing a full thing for two people.

Okay. Well I have to say that I was not aware of Dr. Christensen’s spiritual focus; that was new to me and inspiring. And when I think of Drs. Sheets and Christensen, they both, for me at least, emanate caring kindness and thoughtfulness. So they just seem to emanate that.

One thing we’ve talked a lot on our show about the past year is this new revolutionary technology that Dr. Sheets’ team is making, the AI incorporated technology that’s called InnerView. And this kind of brings us now – when we were talking about inventions, it brings us to the next person we’re going to hear from, Dr. Ben Johnson, who is an endodontist, inventor, entrepreneur and educator. So let’s hear what Dr. Ben Johnson has to say.

[Dr. Ben Johnson Video]

Hello, I’m Ben Johnson. I was the first graduate trained endodontist in Tulsa. I practiced from 1973 until 2003, at which time I retired and devoted my time to developing dental products and lecturing.

One is rarely remembered for what he would like to be, but I would suppose that probably my legacy would be Tulsa Dental Products and the products that we brought to the endodontic market. The first product was Thermafil. Yes, I’m the guy who invented Thermafil. However, that was a very lucrative product and it enabled us to do many things that benefitted endodontics tremendously, not the least of which was the development of rotary nickel titanium.

Now I’m not saying that I’m solely responsible for that by any means, but I was the one who formed the company that produced the products initially. I am told by reliable sources that 25% to 30% of the canals obturated in the United States are done with Thermafil. And rotary nickel titanium is taught in every undergraduate department of the dental schools in the US. So it certainly had a profound effect upon endodontics that way. We also came out with MTA, which we always said was a move towards mineral trioxide aggregate, but the mineral trioxide aggregate, which was actually one of the first of the bioactive materials.

It’s been a fun ride. I’ve enjoyed endodontics tremendously. I hope you do too. Thank you.

Good job Dodger Boy. All right. I guess many of you didn’t know that Ben Johnson was drafted by the LA Dodgers, but that’s another story for another time.

Ben, I want to acknowledge you personally. As a big fan of yours, I’ve learned so much from you, so I just want to acknowledge and tip my proverbial Dodger Hat. But Ben changed the game of cleaning and shaping. And what Ben did is he got rid of a lot of the iatrogenic stuff – blocks, ledges, transportations, zips, tears, all that stuff because of NiTi. Now Wally had discovered white NiTi, but Ben probably read that book, Think and Grow Rich, or Find a Need and Fill It. So he took Wally and his NiTi and he changed the game of shaping internationally.

I’ll throw in an expense. I don’t want to offend anybody, but for me it was probably Ben was first, but you could argue the same year they came out with NiTi.

But he not only taught us how to shape, then he gave us a filling technique. And it was carrier-based obturation. It’s evolved a lot over the years. You saw the expression on his face. Ben, you were maybe proud of it, but you’ve taken a lot of heat for that product. But you know what? You allowed everyday clinicians to fill root canal systems, and I’ll always admire you for your contributions, like Schilder, in shaping and filling.

Well he’s founder of Tulsa Dental, right, too?

I didn’t mention that, but Ben could write a book. But in ’88 he started what became Tulsa Dental and they sold many products like he mentioned in his little excerpt on his legacy. But a complicated man, brilliant man; always thinking outside the box and seeing things in a context that others don’t.

I really liked that he said we are rarely remembered by what we want to be remembered for. We’re actually going to return to that idea a little bit later in the show.

That was excellent when he said that. I want to ask him, and you want to know too; what would he prefer us to rather have talked about? I bet I have something at the end.

Okay, well we’re now going to hear from three European clinicians who have greatly impacted international education and research, and that’s Dr. Josette Camilleri in the U.K., Dr. or Professor Pierre Machtou in France, and Dr. or Professor Arnaldo Castellucci from Florence, Italy. So we’ll hear from them now.

[Dr. Josette Camilleri Video]

Greetings to everybody. I am Josette Camilleri. I am clinical professor of endodontics and applied materials at the University of Birmingham, United Kingdom. I am a researcher in endodontics, specifically mineral trioxide aggregate, and my legacy is something that I want to be remembered for is my work on mineral trioxide aggregate, specifically to discoloration induced by MTA. I have researched this and I have found during my research that the bismuth oxide in the MTA which is used as a radiopacifier to be able to see the material on the radiograph interacts with the sodium hypochlorite that is used during irrigation. All this led to discoloration, which was unsightly and affected the patients.

Thanks to my research, nowadays we know how it will discolor; we no longer use bismuth oxide in most of the materials, and this has had clinical impact. And I would like to be remembered for this.

Thank you very much, and greetings from the United Kingdom.

[Dr. Pierre Machtou Video]

First of all, thank you Cliff, for the invitation to take part in the legacy special episode of The Ruddle Show. My name is Pierre Machtou and I am Emeritus Professor at Paris City University.

As a clinician and a teacher, the goal of my professional life was twofold. One, to provide my patients with the best possible care, and to teach excellence to my students and to the profession. Two, to try to improve and simplify without compromise clinical instrumentation and techniques. As a teacher in the long journey from a clinical assistant position to a full professor, I am proud to have taught excellence to generations and generations of students, and see today that my former students are considered the best endo specialists in France.

In my Master’s Thesis at the end of the ‘70s, I was the first to understand the dynamics of irrigation and its benefits for cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system, and proposed to use at that time the master cone to agitate the solution. The technique which is still used 45 years later and known as manual dynamic activation -- MDA.

At the same period I introduced and demystified the Schilder technique all over France and also in Europe. For that purpose I developed the original set of vertical pluggers, endorsed by Dr. Schilder, which were the first endodontic instruments we collaborated on. Later, working closely with Maillefer, I participated in the development of several instruments, including the K-flex Flexofile, to be used at that time with the Rhone Technique, and the Micro-Openers and Debriders dedicated to work under the operating microscope.

In the ‘80s, a turning point in my professional life came when I met Cliff Ruddle and John West, who became very close friends and with whom I developed some ProTaper instruments in 2001, which are still leaders on the market along with several endodontic instruments like the ProGlider and Calamus among others.

In the 2000s it is not a known story. But I am proud to have been the first to think of using asymmetrical reciprocation with ProTaper instruments and the Tecnika motor for shaping root canals, and to have shown it to Ghassan Yared who years ago had been my student in Paris. Today I have reduced my travel and teaching activities, which gave me a lot of fun and allowed me to meet great people and friends all around the world.

So I hope that the legacy of my professional life with its value of hard work, patience, resilience and integrity will be a source of inspiration and encouragement for generations to come.

[Dr. Arnaldo Castellucci Video]

Hi everybody. This is Dr. Arnaldo Castellucci, an endodontist from Florence, Italy, with a limited practice of endo from the last 44 years. My very good friends, Cliff and Phyllis Ruddle, asked me to live my legacy. Let me tell you that my legacy is quite rich, because during those years I’ve been traveling and teaching and writing a lot.

Speaking about traveling, I’ve been at least once in about 70 different countries in the world, where I have been teaching and giving lectures and workshops, and I don’t know idea how many thousands of people could attend my lectures. And about writing, I wrote chapters for many – several important textbooks in dentistry about retreatment, about three-dimensional obturation, about perio-endo relationships.

And speaking about writing, the most important thing I wrote my textbook. The first edition was only in Italian, the second edition was only in English. Now the very last edition in endodontics is available in Italian, in English, in Chinese pretty soon, it Russian, in Turkish. And also the other textbook on microsurgery in endodontics is also available in several languages, including Spanish, French, Chinese and so on.

I’m also leaving something else, which are the instruments. The instruments, together with my very good friends, Giuseppe Cantatore and Elio Berutti, we developed now many years ago the part five that were a big revolution in the shaping procedure because thanks to this system, I could say bye-bye to the hand stainless steel file and then start immediately after negotiation with rotary. And then the ultrasonic tips for finishing the access cavity, which originally they were only in Italy and parts of Europe; now they are distributed everywhere in the world.

So this is my rich legacy. I hope you enjoy everything I am leaving to you, so it’s time to say goodbye. I hope to see you in the big numbers in the near future somewhere in the world. Bye-bye everybody.

Okay, so we just knocked off three more European legacy people.

First Josette. You know, Josette didn’t tell the most important part of her story so I’ll tell it just very quickly. So she is this little girl and she is born in the Maltese Archipelago. That’s three islands, and she was from Malta. And Malta, for those of you who are on the map searching desperately as I speak, you’ll want to know that it’s just south of Italy and it’s just north of Libya.

So somehow she gets off the island and she gets to mainland Europe and that’s where the contributions really start happening. She is always curious, she has a big imagination I’ve noticed, and she uses critical thinking. And that’s why she’s such a great researcher. She has made a difference in our international research, we look to her for guidance on like MTA or the tricalcium silicates – she likes to call them bio-ceramics.

So she’s made huge contributions, she’s a lovely woman, she’s so happy and fun to be around; it’s like please have lunch with Josette.

Yes. And we interviewed her on The Ruddle Show. We learned that three of her papers on the chemistry of MTA are among the 50 most cited works in the International JOE. Also, I loved that Arnaldo talked about his “reach”. I liked that he was using that word, his reach.

Arnaldo does have a reach. Do you want me to do Pierre or Arnaldo?

Maybe if you have a comment on both?

Yeah, I have a quick one. For Pierre, you know I don’t know where to start. He’s probably my dearest friend endodontically on earth; my most trusted friend. We’ve invented for decades together with John West, and we’ve changed the trajectory I think a little bit in some of our things.

He was at Paris 7 as the Professor and Chair. So what that means to you out there is he graduated a lot of endodontists. And now his biggest pride I think is he has these clinicians all over Europe, particularly France, and they’re the best of the best. And they are respected, they’re loved, and Pierre is so proud of his children, his kids.

Yeah, and I know that you’ve even participated in some of Arnaldo’s textbooks, and it sounds like they’re published in many languages now, so that’s pretty great.

To go to Arnaldo, I don’t know anybody that works harder than Arnaldo. I think he eats, breathes and sleeps endo. You were actually in Florence one time during the middle of the summer when everybody was on vacation and they were going to different islands and beaches. But he was in over 100° temperature in Florence writing one of his editions.

So actually, I want to just add something that I wasn’t going to say. I did stay with Arnaldo Castellucci and his wife at the time for about a week in August, many years ago, maybe three decades ago. Anyway, one thing that we did there that I still to this day do, and I got it from Arnaldo, is well, I use olive oil on everything now. Because it’s something that everything needs olive oil, pretty much.

Oh, you’re supposed to almost bathe in olive oil.

And that’s what his wife at the time, Jennifer, was like oh yeah; olive oil is on everything. We use it on everything. And then also I learned to take a little afternoon siesta after lunch, and I picked that up from them. When they told me that they were going to take a little nap after lunch that one day, I’m like oh; well okay, I don’t know if I can do that. But since I was just trying – you know, when in Rome do as the Romans do. So I actually tried to take a little nap, and to this day, I still take a little afternoon nap for about 30 minutes pretty much almost every day. And I got that from Arnaldo.

I have one little quick follow-up. So you’ve got to be very careful with time, it’s very dangerous; time keeps moving. Arnaldo and his team, Giuseppe Cantatore and Elio Berutti; they’ve all been to Santa Barbara and we’re dear friends. But I’m thinking of Frank; something that carries on after you’re gone. What will carry on long after those three Italians are gone is their concept for mechanical rotary glidepath management.

Okay. All right, well now we’re going to see two more videos, and they’re from Dr. John Kois and Dr. Frank Spear. They’re both prosthodontists. And the reason why they are grouped together is because they both reflected a little bit on what legacy means to them and their actual journey with their legacy. So let’s hear from them now.

Okay.

[Dr. John Kois Video]

Hi Cliff, and all those viewing this. I have to tell you, what you asked me to do is maybe one of the more uncomfortable things that I get to do; that’s talk about myself, even though kind of speak for a living.

I was asked by Cliff to at least introduce myself. My name is John Kois. I now live in Seattle, Washington, and I practice in Seattle, Washington where the teaching center is.

A bit about my history. I served nine years in the Air Force. I graduated dental school from the University of Pennsylvania, and I graduated from the University of Washington with an MSD degree and specialty training in prosthodontics and periodontics.

Cliff had prefaced this with a few questions that I thought maybe I could answer. One question was have I published a lot, written chapters in books? I have. I don’t know what a lot is, but I’ve published more than 150 papers. I’ve been a section editor in several textbooks.

When asked about any inventions I have; I do have a couple of patents. But actually oddly enough, I’ve had them long enough that I see my patents being pretty much obsolete. It had to do with the Facebow and some things about occlusion. Some boring stuff.

This one I thought was really kind of interesting; asked to describe my own personality. And actually the descriptive words that you provided I think do fit me. I work very hard; I can’t imagine working harder. I wake up every day at 4:00 in the morning, every day. And I start my day as early as I can, I love that quiet time. It asked if I’m a funny person. I don’t know if I’m funny, but I do have a sense of humor. I feel like I’m approachable, creative, and I try to create a lot of humility. I still take out the garbage and I feel like I’m a reasonable communicator.

This one is my favorite question about family and work/life balance. I do feel like I’ve been able to accomplish that. My business sort of reflects that. I have a family business. My wife works in the practice still. And by the way, a testament to that; we’ve just celebrated in June our 50th wedding anniversary, which we’ve really been excited about. Both my sons and their wives also work in the business. So I think that makes it, as best I can surmise, a family business.

This one about asking about making adjustments, course corrections, outside influences. You know, one of the things I share with people, the things that I think that created the most growth in my life were actually the things I didn’t want to do. I was asked to do them. In fact, I was somewhat almost bitter about having to do certain things, but those are what created the most growth. Things I did because they were fun, I never really got much growth from that. So sometimes I look back at those and I’m thankful that I did do that.

The last question that might be helpful to understand is what the reason for this was, and that is what is my legacy. Obviously in the first part of my career I never thought about it. But now that I’ve been in it long enough – I started dental school more than 50 years ago – I spent the beginning part of my career trying to master the things that I learned. And then after I learned it and felt that I’d mastered it, I spent the middle part of my career trying to change it. Trying to figure out was it right. Trying to grow. And I spent the last third of my career trying to help and educate others. And that’s what I think is my biggest legacy in dentistry, and the legacy that I care about most is my family legacy and hopefully that could resonate with those watching this.

Cliff, thank you for giving me this opportunity, and enjoy. You’ve been a great aspiration to all of us as well. Thank you all very much.

[Dr. Frank Spear Video]

Hi Cliff. Frank Spear. Congratulations on your 100th Ruddle Show. I’m here at my home in Whidbey Island, Washington, just kind of between Seattle and Vancouver, Canada. I appreciate the concept of being asked to talk about legacy.

My personal favorite definition of legacy is really what continues on beyond you. So whether you stop working or in fact you finally pass away, have you left something behind that continues to move forward? I’ve thought over the last several weeks about it, and the one thing that I think I view as perhaps my biggest legacy is a change in how we treatment plan.

So when I did my perio-prosth program in the late ‘70s, early ‘80s, we treatment planned using what was pretty much considered Monson’s Spherical Theory of Occlusion. Where you identified where the lower anterior teeth were, and then using a 4-inch radius you created the Curve of Wilson and the Curve of Spee, and you actually started all treatment plans by the lower arch.

In the early ‘80s, it made no sense to me to treatment plan that way. What made far more sense was to start with the maxillary arch instead of the mandibular incisors. And over 1984-1985, I came up with the concept of what I called facially generated treatment planning. I presented it for the first time actually in August 1986 to the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry in Colorado Springs. I think pretty much now 40 years later, everybody accepts that treatment planning starting with maxillary central incisors, then laterals, then canines, maxillary posterior teeth; establishing the maxillary tooth position first is a far more logical way of treatment planning. And then once you get the maxillary arch corrected, then the gingival levels corrected and the papilla levels corrected, then you look at the occlusion.

I would say of all the things I’ve done in all of my career, that’s the one legacy thing that will continue on; hopefully for who knows how long. But it was at the time a very radical concept, because everybody taught starting with the lower incisors. Everybody taught starting with the lower arch.

So have a great 100th show, and hopefully we’ll get to see each other in person soon. So thanks.

All right. So it seems that Dr. John Kois really paid attention to our guidelines, so that was flattering. I really liked how he divided his career into the three phases; the first part being trying to master what he learned in dental school. Then questioning a little bit, making some changes. And now in this third of his career he’s kind of focused more on helping others, service, education. So I liked how he divided that up.

And then also the whole family business thing he talked about; it actually sounds a lot like us.

Well, I would have to say it sure does. Yeah, we have a family business, and if you watch that clip again – I’m going to encourage you this time and at the end of the show today, I’m going to encourage you to watch it two or three times. You’ll hear it different. And as you watch John say it again, you’ll get something else.

But yeah, he’s got a family business, he’s got a lot of people in there, and it works. So that was good.

And then I liked it how he said a lot of times in his life – and he didn’t enumerate and I won’t either – but he said he was sometimes challenged and forced by circumstances, and he had to do things that were maybe awkward or different. And I certainly can relate to that in my own life. But that’s what you do, right? You get up and you keep going.

That’s where the most growth happens, from those challenging, uncomfortable situations.

A lot of times it can, because when you surrender and really look at something, then you pretty much have the objective path way forward.

Frank! I mean what a guy. Frank is a friend of mine for a long time. I know both Frank and John Kois from – we were all members at one time of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry, so that was supposed to be the top 100 dentists in the world. I didn’t think I was one of the top 100, but I was part of that group, so I was proud. I learned a lot from both of them so I want to thank both John Kois and Frank Spear.

And then Frank, you gave us that definition. It was a little bit variant, as you put it, from the classic legacy. You said something that you leave behind that continues -

Continues to move forward.

Continues to move forward after you’re gone. And I’m paraphrasing. I thought that was really profound thinking. I thought it got us a little closer to the mark of what legacy is. Really I thought Frank expanded it; expanded our thinking.

And then I really want to acknowledge you publicly. I never did rebuild a case in my mouth. But he was the father of looking at the mouth, and unlike all the greats before him he saw that facially generated treatment planning was the way to go, and you start on the maxillary arch.

So Frank, thanks for what you’ve done and the gifts you’ve given to so many.

Yes, what he did sounds very pioneering. And speaking of pioneers, it will now bring us to our last video. It’s by a true pioneer in endodontics, Dr. Noah Chivian. Let’s hear what he has to say.

Oh wow! You go Noah!

[Dr. Noah Chivian Video]

I’m Noah Chivian, and welcome to my home here in West Orange, New Jersey. We’re literally 17 miles due west of the Empire State Building. I practiced in West Orange on the other side of town just four miles from here for over 50 years, and I now have been teaching at Rutgers Dental School, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine in Newark in the endodontic department for the last 10+ years.

Cliff, I want to thank you very much for including me in this very, very special project. It’s an honor. You are the consummate endodontic educator and to be asked by you is something very special for me.

In the mid-1980s, I was contacted by the Chicago Dental Society and asked to participate in their major Chicago Mid-Winter Meeting. It was going to be a live, closed-circuit dental endodontic treatment in an auditorium with over 1000 people in the audience, and they wanted me to do the endodontics with a microscope. And I said fine. And they said we’ll provide a microscope for you to become familiar with.

The Chayes Dentiscope had been invented by Jako & Apotheker a few years before, and the company put one in my office. I had it there for a few months prior to the presentation in Chicago. I felt very comfortable with it and little or no learning curve.

Procedure at the Mid-Winter Meeting, the live endo in front of 1000 people went well, and I came home Chayes was there and they wanted their scope back. Well we talked and we arranged that I would purchase it. We had a number of friends who were interested and were able to accommodate a few of them and they were able to purchase scopes. However, it was shut off; didn’t know what happened. Later we found out that the Chayes Corporation was undergoing reorganization. Ended up a few corporations later with the Denta-Ease Corporation purchasing what was left of Chayes and 60 Dentiscopes languishing in a warehouse in Alabama. We couldn’t help our friends anymore, and that was that.

Five or six years later, Denta-Ease called us and said would we be interested in purchasing those scopes? So my practice partner, Sandy Behr and I founded Microdontics to market the scopes. We looked our friends, colleagues, we looked at the people who were making a difference in endodontics around the country. And in a few short years, we were able to sell out all the scopes. This was wonderful. We felt that we have made a small in-road into the seed change of practice that is endodontics with a microscope. Sandy Behr and I are very pleased to be part of that. And as they say, it goes on.

Cliff, I want to thank you once again. Not only for including me in this legacy project, but most of all for being my friend.

Well this guy called me a mensch and I didn’t know what it was, but he called me that about 30 years ago so I looked it up. Noah, you’re one of my great pals and I just can’t say enough about you internationally to our audience; you don’t need a lot of discussions. But I want to tell a little story.

You know, a lot of people in our profession in endodontics like to say I was first; I was the very first one to do it. Noah maybe wasn’t the very first guy to use a microscope, but what Noah was the first to do is to start disseminating. So Rubenstein, Sandy Behr, Noah Chivian, okay. Maybe those were the first three guys; Apotheker, okay, wrote the article.

But I wanted to talk about Chayes Virginia. So he did the first live demo, perhaps in North America under a microscope; endodontically. When the shoot was over in Chicago – he said he had over 1000 people – he wanted that microscope. Now remember, this is the first time he ever used it and he used it at a live demo. He said drop it by for a few weeks so I can get familiar with it. So he did. After the shoot, he arranged to buy it because he just had to have it.

When that company went bankrupt, they had 60 Chayes Virginia microscopes, and he sold them. Him and Sandy sold those Chayes Virginia microscopes to endodontists, their friends. And they started a massive movement. So today, you walk into any grad clinic in North America, the kids are all trained in using a microscope. Noah, you to me are one of the big fathers of microscopy.

And then you know there was that seminal article he wrote in ’69. It was in I think the New Jersey Association – Journal of the New Jersey Association. But it was in ’69 and that’s like 50 years ago, and he wrote Surgical Endodontics, a Conservative Approach: ’69, In other words, he was doing surgery and people called it radical. But he said saving one’s tooth is way more conservative than extracting one’s tooth.

So you could say, Noah, you even had a hand in minimally invasive endodontics, so pretty good.

Yeah, he definitely had a lot of foresight on the whole kind of thinking philosophy of today.

And to inspire you, he’s at Rutgers. He teaches literature three hours to the residents. He’s in his 80s; I think he’s got a decade on me. But one of his residents said that he said to them that he has been drilling down and deeply reading the literature more in the last – I’m going to round it off – 10 years than in the 25 years before that. So keep it going Noah!

Okay, so I mentioned earlier in the show that Dr. Ben Johnson when he said we are rarely remembered by what we want to be remembered by. And I said we would return to that idea and so we’re returning to it now. Because all of these 11 clinicians are all your friends, and you have a way of thinking about them probably that maybe isn’t what they said in the video. So I’m going to now say their name and you’re going to say just a few words that pop into your mind as their friend and colleague when you think of them. Okay?

Wow, she gave me some slack. Because in my script – which we don’t go by so much – it says I can say two words.

Okay, yeah. Well you can say a couple of phrases I guess.

Oh gosh, phrases!

So the first one, Gary Glassman.

If you like a nice wine, whether it be red or white, Gary is a co-owner and sells the wine Los (Flaneurs) – French. I think I said that right. Los Flaneurs, Gary. Anyway, he is a co-owner of a winery. He likes to go to Argentina. He’s going to the best areas, Malbec and Mendoza.

Okay. The next one: John West.

John West is quite the sailor. He’s got the boat called Falcon, and he’s Captain John West on the Falcon, and he likes to take off out of Seattle, the port there and the harbor, Greater Seattle, and he likes to sail up that inside passage. And it’s quite – it’s hundreds and hundreds of miles, fabulous scenery, unbelievable. Think of Dr. John West as Navigator John West.

Okay, when I think of John West, I think of philosopher endodontist.

He probably is on the high seas as a philosopher.

Okay, Dr. Gordon Christensen.

Well again, Gordon’s got about a decade on me. And it’s a task to say up. Gordon has – I mean he’s up at 4:00, he goes to bed late, he’s full-on. Probably impacted dentistry in North America and worldwide as much as anybody I know. Just steady, always there, working hard. But you might not know he likes to ride horses up in that Wasatch Range, out of Provo there. So that’s pretty remarkable.

And when you said he had this spiritual inclination, well with the Latter-day Saints, it’s called Bishop. Okay, he’s a Bishop.

He definitely seems to glow from within.

Yeah, he’s a beautiful person.

Okay, Cherilyn Sheets.

Ahh, Cherilyn Sheets. She loves her family, she’s a fabulous clinician. I said earlier, she started Newport Coast Oral Facial Institute with her other two partners, Jean and Cynthia. They have taught microscopy to general dentists in North America for years. So they’ve also lifted and risen the microscope that Noah told us all about so long ago. InnerView, Perimetrics, AI, the rest. She’s very, very smart, very curious, got a great thinking box up here.

Okay. Ben Johnson.

I don’t even know where to start, Ben. I know you want to be remembered for what you weren’t remembered for, how about the Terminator Titanium? I mean he’s got the Silver Spinner, he’s got the Spinning Bait - you know, the thing.

The fishing lures?

Yeah! I mean he was out fishing with this world class fly fisherman or something like that. And he saw the guy take the things out – the thing a fish swallows that got caught. He’s re-bending, re-shaping the little metal prongs. And Ben said well, would NiTi help? The rest is history. Go Google it. The Terminator.

I just want to say that whenever Ben Johnson’s name comes up – I’ve heard the story about the fishing lures like many, many times – so that is what comes to my mind when I hear Ben Johnson’s name.

Thank you! Lures escaped me, because I don’t fish.

Okay, Josette Camilleri.

Really smart, really funny, great to hang out with. You’ll be laughing the whole time, and she will go down as one of the great researchers, certainly in the tricalcium silicate sealers; definitely.

Okay, Pierre Machtou.

He’s got a beautiful mind, big giver, loses his underwear in faraway airports, has his luggage blown up. Because he truly was and is the absent-minded, beautiful-minded professor.

Okay, Arnaldo Castellucci.

Well I think I said it earlier and I’ll just stick with it. Eats, breathes and sleeps endo. I mean does he ever turn off the lights? I don’t know. But cactus. Do you remember that when you were there?

I do remember he had a garden out on the rooftop or something.

Hundreds, maybe thousands. You’re right. He looked out over the Duomo in Florence, a fabulous view, Arno River and all that. But then his upper deck was just cactuses that he had gotten from all over the world and brought back.

Okay. John Kois.

I had to Google this myself, so I want you to. Take a John Kois course if you’re interested, but when you do, one of the highlights they all speak about is going aboard the Excellence. It’s a super yacht; you can’t believe it. When I talk big, ballrooms, people running around eating, drinking, laughing, having fun as part of learning at the Kois Institute. So yeah.

Okay, Frank Spear.

You might not know this because I just recently learned it, but Frank is the collector of exotic cars. So I don’t know if he has 50 or 100, but I’m going to have to make a call to him and see if I can come out to the island, the island that he lives on; I believe I can have a little vacation and see the cars.

Also I was in Frank’s lecture – I think it was a tribute to Tucker. You can Google him later, but he was one of the greatest dentists. And it was a Tucker tribute – he had died – and Frank was lecturing. Frank was in this plane.

We started the lecture. We were in this plane, we were flying to Alaska. We were only 200-300 feet above these meandering rivers, and they’re looking for salmon and they’re looking where to set the plane down. So I think Frank likes outdoors.

All right. Well that’s maybe more than a couple words or a couple phrases, but that’s fine. It’s fine. The last one we have is Dr. Noah Chivian.

Easy. Yesterday, today, tomorrow. He’s archival, he’s like always present, always contributing. And I think he best fulfills G. V. Black’s mantra to all dentists: be a continuous student for life. So Noah, you have been and are the real deal.

Okay. Well thank you. And our viewers might have noticed though that we didn’t really talk about the multi-faceted Cliff Ruddle legacy on our show today, and that’s because he forbid it; he forbid it. No. Actually we’ve talked about it a lot on the past several seasons, and so you can look back at several of our shows to find out a lot about your legacy; your inventions, publications. We even did a whole podcast on defending your legacy. So we’ve talked about your legacy a lot.

But one thing I do want to point out is that you represent to me someone that is continuously reinventing yourself. So I think what you’re doing now with The Ruddle Show is so special and innovative and inspiring. I just want to say that I’m really glad to be a part of it and I feel lucky to be a part of it. And I just can’t wait to do another 100 shows with you.

God, I’m really nervous. That was awesome!

Okay, so I’ll close down by a couple or three things. First I want to thank our audience. You’ve joined us across the 100 shows; many of you have migrated now over to RUDDLE+. So we both appreciate that deeply, because it’s kind of like how are we doing? Well, are there sign-ups, are people coming? And we have a massive audience. So thank you.

I want to thank my family; I want to thank the team. I couldn’t do any of this, none of it, zero, if I didn’t have Lisette, my wing/co-host. She has grown immensely, you’ve noticed this; many of you have commented on that. I’ve got the producer in the back room, that’s my daughter Lori. I’ve got the control room guy, I call him the shooter, that’s my grandson Isaac. And Philly is the wind beneath all of our wings. So I want to thank my team, I thought I wanted to thank you.

And then finally I want to thank these clinicians; these featured legacy clips from these different people. I thought it was amazing; it was inspiring to me.

And now I have a clarion cry. So you saw all these people and I want you to go back and listen very carefully, with intentionality, and think about what they said, what they’ve done, and their journey. Because you’re on your journey. And probably we can get influenced by them to make even a better journey.

And I want you to ask the question… How do I get from here to there? Because the difference is the gap.

So I always like stories; life’s a nautical journey. I’d like you to take the helm of your ship, be a master navigator. And be comforted with the fact that although you can’t change the wind, you can always adjust your sails to reach your destination and your legacy.

Thank you Dad and thank you to our clinicians again for sending in all those videos. We really appreciate all the thought that went into it. We could tell that they were very thoughtfully done and it’s so appreciated. So thank you very much.

Okay, so we’re going to close our 100th show with another installment of Aesop’s Fables. But this time it’s not going to be Aesop’s Fables in Endodontics; we’re going to do Aesop’s Fables & the Holidays. And the goal is to get you into a positive mindset going into the holiday season.

So just to recap. Aesop lived in ancient Greece and was a story-teller and a slave. In his fables of which there are more than 725, the main characters are usually animals and they teach a moral lesson. These stories were told originally to adults and they were not collected into a printed version until over three centuries after Aesop died. And since then, they’ve been mainly told to children. It’s popular to read them to children because of the morals, and they’ve been translated into many different languages and even different dialects.

So how this works is I’m going to read a fable and then you’re going to kind of relate it to the holidays and their sometimes unforeseen challenges. And then also because our audience is international, some of the words that might be a little more archaic I’m just going to change them to a more modern word, just to facilitate understanding.

So are you ready?

Ready to go.

Okay. The first one we’re going to do is called “The Travelers and the Sycamore Tree.”

So two travelers, worn out by the heat of the summer sun, laid themselves down at noon under the wide, spreading branches of a sycamore tree. As they rested under its shade, one of the travelers said to the other… What a singularly useless tree is the sycamore! It bears no fruit and is not of the least service to man.

The tree, interrupting him, said, “You ungrateful fellows. Do you, while receiving benefits from me and resting under my shade, dare to describe me as useless and unprofitable”?

Well I would most quickly say, be thankful for what you have. But in relation to Christmas, I would guess -

So yeah, the moral is some men underrate their best blessings.

So when you get all those gifts that you didn’t want under the tree, you know maybe show a lot of surprise and joy. Because you know it’s probably the thought more than it is actually the gift.

Yeah, maybe be focusing on all the positive in your life and not be trying to focus on what’s missing or what you don’t have. So just try to maybe be grateful during the holidays.

Or maybe just enjoy being in the presence of the other people, like the tree.

Yeah, or your family.

Yeah.

Okay. So the next one is called “The Thirsty Pigeon.”

A pigeon, oppressed by excessive thirst, saw a goblet of water painted on a signboard. Not supposing it to be only a picture, she flew towards it with a loud whir and unwittingly dashed against the signboard, jarring herself terribly. Having broken her wings by the blow, she fell to the ground and was caught by one of the bystanders. And the moral is zeal should not outrun discretion.

So how does this relate to the holidays?

Okay, so you’re like me; you’re in the office, right? And it’s the 24th and you haven’t started shopping yet. And you’ve got patients to take care of and you’ve got things to day and time is limited. So you finally begin shopping and you’re in a panic because you don’t know what to get anybody. So you really overspend, you go crazy. Shop with discretion?

Yeah, that’s a good thing. I know that for me, sometimes since I have two kids, it seems like I’ll have an imbalanced number of presents and I’m constantly trying to balance it out. And in my efforts to balance it out I’m spending too much money.

So maybe try to be cautious about how much you spend. You don’t need to buy the most presents in the world.

So when you’re shopping then for presents, just maybe it’s the thought more than it is the gift.

Right. Okay, let’s do one more. This one is called “The Oxen and the Axle.”

So a heavy wagon was being dragged along a country lane by a team of oxen. The axles groaned and creaked terribly, whereon the oxen turned around and thus addressed the wheels… Hello there. Why do you make so much noise? We be all the labor, and we, not you, ought to cry out.

So the moral is those who suffer most cry out the least.

It’s hard for me to relate it exactly to Christmas, but I guess I would say when you start complaining about stuff, look around you and count your blessings one-by-one. And I think you’ll feel pretty blessed.

So it’s not so much really trying to groan a lot and be really loud, because there’s probably people working even harder than you.

Yeah. I think that when we think about it, the holidays can be hard for some people and they might not really voice it. They might just kind of be suffering in silence. So just remember that you don’t really know what’s going on with someone until you’ve walked in their shoes. So maybe just be kind and sensitive, and just remember that maybe this is a time for random acts of kindness. Remember we did that on our show? Because you don’t know what someone’s going through and sometimes they’re just quiet. But you could really brighten up their day by -

A random act of kindness. I like that a lot.

So maybe try to do one during the holidays.

Do one every day leading up to the holidays. Right?

Right. Okay, so that’s our show, that’s the end of our 100th show.

Now I didn’t want to give the impression in our opener that when I said the road stops here, I meant to 100. But the road to 200 continues on.

So if we think about what we often have talked about, the Outliers book, and it said to be proficient in something, you need 10,000 hours; like 10,000 being the number. And we’ve done 100 shows. And so I think to be proficient, we need to do 10,000 shows. So we’re going to be around for a while, trying to be proficient.

Well I will, to an earlier point I made, need to adjust my sails.

Okay. Well we will see you next season. In the meantime, we have podcasts available, and you might want to check out RUDDLE+. So we’ll see you next season.

Happy Holidays!